Method of protecting manufacturers of cloth against loss of cloth in weaving



(No Model.)

W. G. LOVERING.

METHOD OF PROTEGTING MANUFACTURERS 0F CLOTH-AGAINST LOSS OF CLOTH INWEAVING.

No. 432,536.. Patented July 22, 1890.

6 love/x6 19,

the loom.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE.

\VILLIAM C. LOVERING, ()F TAUNION, MASSAOHUSET'IS.

METHOD OF PROTECTING MANUFACTURERS OF CLOTH AGAINST LOSS OF CLOTH INWEAVING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent Fro-432,536, dated July 22,1890. Application filed October 10, 1889- Serial No. 526,627. (Nomodel.)

Methods of Protecting Manufacturers of Cloth against Loss of Cloth inTVeaving, of which the following description, in connection with theaccompanying drawings, is aspecification, like letters on the drawingsrepresenting like parts. v

In the manufacture of cloth upon looms the weavers are paid by the cutand the manufacturer estimates the product of the loom by the cut. Todesignate these cuts the warp as it is being sized and dried in thesizing and drying machine, or as it is being otherwise prepared for theloom, has some of its threads, especially those which are to appear inthe selvage ofthe woven cloth, marked at intervals to designate the cut.At the present time the manufacturers are subjected to very considerableloss, for frequently a weaver will tear off one end of the out after ithas been woven and is ready to be removed from The manufacturer has nomeans by which to detect this loss unless the cut be actually measuredwhen handed in; but this, it will be seen, is impracticable because ofexpense. As now practiced, each weaver receives warp sufficient for anumber of cuts and is supposed to return its equivalent in cloth; but aweaver may tear a number of yards of cloth from any out and defydetection unless at very'considerable cost. In my efforts to guardagainst this loss of cloth I have devised a method of marking the warpand cutting the cloth, whereby loss of cloth may be readily detected.

In accordance with my invention the warp during the sizing and dryingoperation, or before it is put into the loom to be woven into cloth, isprovided with a cut-mark of such width, length, shape, or character thatwhen the warp so marked is woven into cloth the cut-mark, together withthe filling, produces a cut-figure of such width, length, or shape thatwhen the cloth is severed through the cut-figure to remove a cut fromthe loom a part of the cut-figure will be left atthe last or finishedend of one and at the first or commencement end of the next out. In thisway it is impossible for the weaver to retain any cloth withoutdiscovery, for the ends of each cut delivered must show part of thecut-figures, which may be matched, if desired. It has been found thatthe cut-figures in the woven cloth vary very considerably even when thecut-marks in the warp are substantially the same, and in practice thisvariation is sufficient to enable the manufacturer, should he so'desire,to positively match the ends of any two consecutive cuts.

The form of the cut-mark on the warp and of the cut-figure may bevariously modified, thus enabling each manufacturer to readily tell hisown cloth or to tell the cloth woven in any particular mill.

Figure 1 shows part of a warp cut-marked in accordance with one form ofmy invention. Fig. 2 showsa piece of cloth havinga cut-figure, supposedto have been woven from a warp having a" cut-mark such as shown in Fig.1, the section-line at showing the line in which the cloth is divided orcut widthwise to form the cut; and Figs. 3 to 9 show pieces of clothhaving some of the many diiferentcut-figures which may be employed andfall within the scope of my invention, it being understood that thecut-figure will be substantially the same in its general outline as thecut-mark printed on the warp before it is woven into cloth.

Prior to my invention to be herein described it has been customary tomark at suitable intervals with a small mark a few of the wa 1- threadsat one edge of the body of the warp to indicate the point at which thecut is to be removed from the loom; but such cut-marks have not beenmade of sufficient length and shape as to leave a defined cut-mark largeenough to show at each of the two ends of cloth made by severing thelatter to form cuts.

With but a slight cut-mark, such as commonly made and that at but oneselvage, the weaver may with a pencil readily make a mark at the end ofa cut to counterfeit or imitate a small cut-mark or spot; but when themark is made broad and extended across the warp for the whole or for asubstantial part of its width and over a portion of the length of thewarp the operator cannot counterfeit the cut-mark.

, removed cutand also at the end of the cut or portion remaining in theloom.

I find that the cut-figures vary considerably in appearance in thecloth, even when the cut-marks are substantially the same, thedifference in appearance arising from various causes-as, for instance,the marking material may adhere more or less to the different threads ofthe warp at different markings, or more or less marking material may bedetached from the warp-threads by the eyes of the harnesses, or thetension on the individual warp-threads may be more or less and unlike ordifferent in degree, all or any of which causes, aifect the eut-fi gure, and is suilicientl y prominent to enable the ends of the cuts to bematched at any time.

In Figs. 3 to 9 I have shown only the two side or selvage warpthreads,the other threads being omitted to save labor in the drawings. In Fig. 3the cut-mark is broken into three blocks (Z (Z (7, extended straightacross the warp. In Fig. I the cut-marks are diagonally placed and ofconsiderable width. In Fig. 5 the cut-mark represents a zigzag line. InFig. 6 the cut-mark shows several narrow parallel lines. In Fig. 7 thecut-mark is made as a curved line. In Fig. 8 the cutmark shows ovalrings, and in Fig. 9 the cutmark is made to represent letters.

From the foregoing it will be seen that a great variety of cut-marks maybe made on the warp and all be effective so long as they are of suchwidth, length, or shape with relation to the length and width of thewarp as to produce cut-figures in the cloth of such shape and length orwidth and location that they cannot be readily counterfeitcd by theweaver, andso that when the cloth is torn or divided widthwise or fromselvage to selvage through the cut-figures to form cuts the ends of thecuts will show well-defined cut-figures and enable the manufacturer tomatch the ends of the cuts, if desired.

In another application, Serial No. 326,026, filed by me for UnitedStates Patent, I have shown a sizing machine having marking mechanism bywhich to automatically provide the warp with cut-marks, the said marksbeing separated for any desired number of yards, according to the lengthdesired for the cuts. The marking devices shown in the said applicationconsist, essentially, of a bed or printing-roller extended across thewarp from selvage to selvagc, but normally out of: contact therewith, anink well or trough and inkrolle'r therein to apply ink or any usualcolor mixture to the bed or printing-roll, and an impression pad ordevice, which, at the desired intervals, is brought against the warp atits side opposite the said bed or printingroll, the impression-pad atsuch time causing the said warp and the bed or printing-roll to be putin contact and remain in contact for a sutlicient length of time toenable a well-defined cut-mark to be printed on the warp, the saidcut-mark being extended more or less along the warp-threads back in thedirection of their length and width to enable the produetion in thewoven cloth of a cutfigurc of a size to be easily divided, as described,and leave a well-defined portion of the cut-figure at each end of thecut.

The in1pressio11pad will preferably have a surface speed or movementsubstantially equal to the speed of movement of the warp through themachine. The cut-mark may, however, be produced by various devices andat various stages in the preparation of the warp for the loom.

The marked warp will be put into the beddles of the loom-harness and bewoven in usual manner.

This my invention is adapted for use with warps of cotton, wool, orother material.

I am aware that party-colored yarns have been woven into carpets andother fabrics to constitute a figure or produce a mottled sur- I face,and so I do not claim producing a figure by the employment of aparty-colored yarn.

The surface of the printing-roll may be either smooth or cut to leavethe desired cutmark.

I clain1- The method of preventing embezzlement and waste of cloth,which consists in providin the warp at intervals with asuperficiallyextended welhdeiined cut-mark, then weaving the said warpwith suitable weft and thus producing or developing a cut-figureextending longitudinally and laterally of the woven web, and linallydividing the cloth or web through the cut-figure, so as to leave on thecloth a portion of such cut-figure on caehsidc of the line of division,substantially as de scribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

'WILLIAM C. LOVER'ING.

\Vitnesses:

.I'As. II. CHURCHILL, J3. Dnwnn.

